Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a highly effective, long-term birth control option. With two main types available — the copper IUD and the hormonal IUD — deciding which suits you best can feel overwhelming. Understanding their key differences can help you make an informed choice.
At Refine Medical in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Heather Kennedy, PA-C, specializes in women’s health and is available to answer your questions and guide you through the decision-making process. Here’s what you need to know.
The copper IUD, such as Paragard®, is a small, T-shaped device made of plastic and copper. Unlike hormonal methods, it prevents pregnancy by releasing copper ions into the uterus, creating an environment that’s toxic to sperm.
This nonhormonal option provides up to 10 years of protection, making it ideal for those who prefer long-term contraception without hormones. However, it may lead to heavier periods and increased cramping, particularly in the first few months after insertion.
A hormonal IUD, like Mirena® or Skyla®, releases progestin, a synthetic hormone that thickens cervical mucus and thins the uterine lining, preventing sperm from reaching an egg. Some versions also suppress ovulation, further reducing the chance of pregnancy.
Hormonal IUDs last between 3-7 years, depending on the brand. They can significantly reduce menstrual bleeding and cramps, with some women experiencing lighter or absent periods over time. However, potential side effects include mood changes, headaches, or breast tenderness, particularly during the initial adjustment period.
Both IUDs provide reliable birth control, but they function differently:
Your decision should consider factors like your hormone tolerance, period preferences, and medical history. If you’ve had adverse reactions to hormonal birth control in the past, the copper IUD may be a better fit. If you prefer lighter or fewer periods, a hormonal IUD could be the ideal choice.
Insertion is a quick in-office procedure that may cause temporary cramping or pressure. Your provider uses a speculum to open your cervix and places the IUD into your uterus. Some discomfort is normal, but usually subsides shortly after.
Afterward, you may experience spotting, cramping, or light bleeding. The copper IUD may cause heavier periods initially, while the hormonal IUD often leads to lighter or absent periods over time. A follow-up appointment ensures the device is properly positioned.
Removal is a simple procedure if you decide to stop using an IUD. Your provider gently pulls the IUD’s strings, removing it in seconds. Fertility typically returns quickly, allowing you to try for pregnancy immediately if desired.
Mild cramping or spotting may occur, but discomfort is brief. Never attempt to remove an IUD yourself — our team ensures safe, professional removal.
Both hormonal and copper IUDs offer long-lasting, effective birth control, but the right choice depends on your body’s response to hormones and your period preferences.
Consult with us to discuss your options and make the best decision for your reproductive health. Call our office or schedule an appointment online today.